keu-2, keu̯ǝ-

    keu-2, keu̯ǝ-

    English meaning: to bend

    Deutsche Übersetzung: often with labialen or gutturalen extensions: “biegen” in verschiedenen Sonderungen as “in joint biegen, Gelenk, sich bũcken, sich drehen”; “Einbiegung, Einwölbung, Höhlung”; “Ausbiegung, Buckel, round Haufen”

    Note: Zahlreiche parallel formation from the root geu- see there, compare esp. die Ghegenũberstellungen by Persson Beitr. 100 f., 104 Anm. 1. - About den Versuch a Vermittlung with (s)keu- “cover” see there.

    Material: The einf. root in O.Ind. kora- m. “bewegliches joint”; Av. fra-, apa-kava- “vorn, hinten hunchbacked “; Clr. kúlity “ shrink up, before coldness”, Pol. kulić “pull together, crook”. Ebenso is die Vorgeschichte from Ltv. kuza “craw “ under likewise because of Reimverhältnisses to guza etc. not certainly to beurteilen, see under geu- “bend” above S. 395. Under an Anlautvariante kh will Petersson KZ. 47, 277 here stellen O.Ind. khōlaka- “Ameisenhaufe” (also Lith. kūlỹ s “ bundle straw”), zuversichtlicher Arm. xoyl, gen. xuli ‘struma, scrofula”, Russ. šuljata “testicles”, Serb. šú ljevi “goldene vein”. A. Dental extension (redupl.) ka-ku-d-: O.Ind. kakúd- “Kuppe, acme, apex “, kükú d- “Mundhöhle, palate”, kakúdmant- “with a Gipfel or hunch versehen”; Lat. cacūmen “cusp, peak, acme, apex “ (die men- further formations probably after acūmen ), basic meaning “ bulge “; auf ein Gmc. *hagu = O.Ind. kakúd- one introduces also O.Fris. heila “head” back (*hagila-, with Suffixwechsel for hagu-la-); compare also O.Ind. kakúbh- “ acme, apex “ under “labial extensions”. B. guttural extensions. B. I. keu-g-: O.Ice. hūka “kauern, hocken” (hūkta, st. participle hokinn), hoka, hokra “ grovel, truckle, creep “, høykiask ‘sink down, zusammenkriechen”, M.H.G. hūchen “kauern, sich ducken”, Ger. hocken; Swiss hock m. “heap”, tirol. hocken m. “heap of hay”, with anlaut. s- M.H.G. schoche m. “aufgeschichteter heap of hay under likewise”, (with kk:) asächs. skok m. “60 piece”, M.H.G. schoc(kes) “heap tussock, Anzahl from 60 piece”, M.Eng. shock “heap Garben (12 - 16)”; about Schoch s. lastly Sommer “Zum Zahlwort”, S. 78 ff., S.-B. Bavar. Akad. 1950, Heft 7; Lith. káugė, ablaut. kiū́ gis “Heuhaufe”, O.Pruss. kugis “ knob, handle, button, pommel am the hilt of a sword “, Lith. kaugure ̃ “ small steiler hill”, Ltv. kàudze “heap, barn, haystack” (and skaudze). B. II. keu-k-: O.Ind. kucáti, kuñcatē “zieht sich together, krũmmt sich”, kuñcikü ‘schlũssel”, kuca- m. “ female brost”, kōcayati “zieht together”, kōca- m. “das Einschrumpfen”, Pers. kōž “gekrummt, hunchbacked “; O.Ir. cūar “crooked” (*kukro-); M.H.G. hocker, hogger, hoger “ hump, hunchback, hunch “; Goth. hauhs, O.Ice. hōr, hür, O.E. hēah, O.S. O.H.G. hōh “high” (“*aufgewölbt”); O.Ice. haugr, M.H.G. houc “hill”, Goth. hiuhma “heap; bulk, mass”, hūhjan “haufen, gather, collect”, Ger. (md.) Hũgel; Lith. kaũkas ‘swelling, blister, Eitergeschwũr”, kaũkos pl. f. “ glands “, kaũkas “fairy demon, ghost, zwerghafter ghost”, O.Pruss. cawx “devil”, Lith. kaukarà “hill”, kukulỹs “Mehlkloß”, kùkis “Misthaken”, Ltv. kukurs, kukū̀ ms “ hunch, swelling, blister”, kūki’s “ dwarf; Zaunkönig”, kūkša “eine of Alter Gebeugte”, R.C.S. kukonosъ “ crooked-nosed “; Russ. kúka “fist”, Bulg. kúka “hook, crutch “, Ser.-Cr. kȕka “hook”, kȕkonosast “hakennasig”, kùkara “hook by the Pflugdeichsel”, ȍkuka, ȍkuč f. “ convolution of a Flusses”; Ser.-Cr. čú čīm, čú čati “hocken, kauern”, Sloven. čučí m, čú čati and kučí m, kúčati ds.; Russ. dial. kúčeri pl. f., Clr. kučery pl. m. “Locken”; with a meaning “heap” Russ. kúča “heap”, dial. “haystack”, kúčkatь “ conglobate, häufen”, kúčki “die Plejaden”, Cz. kuče “mass”, Pol. kuczki pl. ‘small heap”. O.Bulg. kъkъnjь “Unterschenkel”. C. Labial extensions. C. I. keu-b-: a. In Anwendung auf bend am body, sich in Gelenk biegen: Gk. κύβος “cavity before the hip, haunch beim Vieh; Wirbelknochen - dice, cube” (out of it Lat. cubus; κύβωλον “elbow” Poll. either from κύβος with Suff. -ωλο- or reshuffling from κύβιτον ds. - from Lat. cubitum - under Einwirkung from ὠλένη); Lat. cubitum n., -us m. elbow” (out of it Gk. κύβιτον ds.);cubō, -üre “lie” (fal. cupa, i.e. cuba[t] , besides loferta ders. Inschr., proves Ital. b; also pälign. incubat), Lat. (ac-, in- )cumbō, -ere ‘sich lay, place” (originally ‘sich zum Liegen niederbucken”), sabin. cumba “lectica”; Welsh gogof “cave” (derivative M.Welsh guocobauc), Bret. kougoñ ds. (*upo-kubü); Goth. hups m. (stem hupi-), O.E. hype m., O.H.G. huf f. “hip, haunch”; O.Ice. hopa, O.E. on-hupian “zurũckweichen”, O.E. (fen-, mōr-)hop n. “hiding place, nook, bolt-hole” (as “ lair, cavity”); intensive j-verb is N.Ger. hũppen, Ger. hũpfen, M.H.G. hũpfen, hupfen, hopfen; ō-verb with gemination: O.Ice. hoppa, O.E. hoppian, hoppettan, Ger. hopsen; geminierte voicednonaspirated in Swe. dial. hobba, hubba “bump, poke”, Ger. dial. hoppen “hũpfen”, Eng. hobble “hinken” (Wissmann nom. postverb. 174 f.). b. With not aufs Biegen of Körpers gewendeten English meaning: O.Ind. kubra- n. “cavity in the earth, pit, pothole; Ohrring”; Gk. κύβος ... Πάφιοι δε τὸ τρυβλίον Hes.; [but O.E. hōpig “in hills and hollows”, hōp m. “Reifen”, Eng. hoop, Dutch hoep “ring, Reifen”, O.Ice. hōp n. “bay” to Lith. kabe ̃ “hook”?]; O.E. hēap m. f., O.S. hōp, O.H.G. houf “heap; troop, multitude, crowd”, M.L.G. hūpe, O.H.G. hūfo, Ger. Haufe (also), M.H.G. hūste (see above under keu-p-). С. II. keu-bh- (including from words, die bh or b contain can). O.Ind. kubhanyú- perhaps ‘sich drehend, tanzend”; redupl. O.Ind. kakúbh- f. “Kuppe, acme, apex “, kakubhá- “hervor-, emporragend” (previously after kakúd- reshaped?); in final sound ambiguous bakhi (pümird.) kubūn “ wooden drinking bowl” (: Pol. kubek “goblet”, Gk. κύβος “τρυβλίον”, nasal. Gk. κύμβος etc.; Uhlenbeck O.Ind. Wb. 59); Gk. κῡφός “gebũckt, writhed, crooked, humped “, κῦφος n. “ hump, hunchback “, κύ̄φω “bend vorwärts, curve “, probably also κύπτω “beuge mich, ducke mich”, κυπτός “demũtig”, κύβδα “geduckt” (originally labial not objektiv feststellbar); κύφερον ἤ κυφήν κεφαλήν Κρῆτες Hes.; maybe from the language nördlicher (Thrac., Maced.) Gaukler derive hence probably κύβη “κεφαλή” EM., κύβηβος “ὁκατακύψας” EM., κυβηβᾶν “κυρίως τὸ ἐπὶ την κεφαλην ῥίπτειν” EM., “from fury ergriffen sein” Hes. Poll., as well as κυβιστάω ‘schlage einen Purzelbaum, stũrze kopfũber”; to the labial extensions in the meaning from κύπτη τρώγλη under likewise probably κυψέλη “Kasten, hutch; Bienenzelle; Ohröffnung”, κύψελος “die in Erdlöchern nistende Uferschwalbe”; O.H.G. hūba, O.S. hūva, O.E. hūfe, O.Ice. hūfa Haube, Kappe”; Russ. kubarь “Brummkreisel”, kúbaremъ “kopfũber”, kubécъ “Brummkreisel”, kúbélъ dial. “ wooden ball zum Spielen”, kúbokъ “goblet, Pokal”, Clr. kub “from Holz ausgehöhltes Geschirr”, kúbok “ paten, hauchiges vessel, small Geschirr”, Pol. kubek “goblet, Schoppen, Obertasse”. C. III. keu-p-: a. O.Ind. kū́ pa- m. “pit, pothole, cave”; Gk. κύπη τρώγλη Hes. ( ῡ?), κύπαι εἶδός τι νεώς, καὶ αἱ ἐξ ὕλης καὶ χόρτου οἰκήσεις; κύπελλον “goblet”, κύπρος m. “Getreidemaß”; Lat. cūpa f. “ cask, butt “, romO.N. also “Wanne” (besides glO.S.S. and romO.N. cŭppa “goblet” seems late short form with Konsonantenverdopplung besides κύπελλον to sein); about Lehnformen from dem Lat. and Rom. orientiert Berneker 645 f.; O.Ice. hūfr m. ‘schiffsrumpf”, O.E. hȳf “beehive”; here (or zur root form auf -bh- or -b-) probably also O.E. gehopp”folliculus”, hoppe f. “ a round swelling; in water, a bubble, Kapsel”, M.Eng. hoppe ‘samenkapsel of Flachses”; at most Slav. *kъpъ, Cz. kep “vulva”, Pol. kiep “ds.; fool, Taugenichts” (Berneker 664 f. between). b. Bedeutungsgruppe “ bulge after above, heap under likewise”: Apers. kaufa- “mountain”, Av. kaofa- “ds.; Kamelbuckel”, Pers. kōh “mountain” (place - ph- ahead); Alb. (sũdTosc) kjipī́ “heap” (*kūp-íjü); M.Ir. cūan f. “Trupp, heap” (*koup-nü); O.H.G. hovar “ hump, hunchback “ (: Lith. kuprà), O.E. hofer m. ds., O.H.G. hubil “hill”, O.S. huvil ds. (therefrom Ger. hobeln as “die Unebenheiten entfernen”); perhaps O.H.G. hūfila, hiufila “cheek”, Ger. Swiss hũfelin “under den Augen liegender Teil the cheek”; Nor. hov n. “Anhöhe, small hill”, O.Ice. hof n. “temple”, O.E. hof n. paddock, house, temple”, O.S. hof, O.H.G. hof m. “umschlossener room beim Haus, courtyard, blessing” (originally from the Lage auf Anhöhen); M.H.G. hūste “auf dem Felde zusammengestellter Getreidehaufen, Hauste” (: Lith. kùpstas); *hūfsto is ablaut equally with O.H.G. hūfo and seems as dieses probably rather to keu-b- to belong (see there); wird also with Russ. kustъ “bush, shrub, bush, Staude”, Clr. kust ‘shrub, bush, Staude” connected; Lith. kaũpas “heap” = O.Bulg. kupъ ds. (Serb. kȕp certainly with other intonation as kaũpas; s. Berneker 646); Lith. kaupiù, kaũpti “häufeln”, kupiù, kùpti “auf einen heap lay, place, sort, order, arrange”, kuprà “ hunch “, kùpstas “hill”, kùpeta “ haycock, haystack “, kùpinas “gehäuft”, Ltv. kupt ‘sich ballen”, kupenis ‘schneehaufen”, kuprs “ hunch “; with lengthened grade *kōp-: Lith. kuopiù, kuõpti “häufeln (corn, grain)”, Ltv. kuops “heap”, kuopiná “ fascicle, sheaf “; Russ. (Berneker 646) kuprъ, kúper ‘steißbein, Bũrzel”, Pol. kuper “Bũrzel, buttocks “. D. Nasalized kum-bh-, mostly kum-b- : O.Ind. kumba- m. “das thick end (a Knochens)”; kumbha- m. “pot, pan, crock, pitcher”, Du. “die beiden Erhöhungen auf the forehead of Elefanten” = Av. xumba- m. “pot, pan; Vertiefung”, Pers. xumb, xum “pot, pan, crock, pitcher” (diese with anlaut. Tenuis asp.); Gk. κύμβη “Becken, bowl, barge”, κύμβος, κυμβίον “vessel”, mostly pl. “cymbalum, Becken” (after Banateanu REtIE. 1, 120 from semit. qubbüh; Van Windekens Lexique 48 compares Toch. A kumpäc “drum”); κύμβη “head, κύφη” EM., Suid., Hom. κύμβαχος “cusp, peak a Helmes” (compare κύμβη), s. Leumann Hom. Wörter 231 ff.; Lat. (with present nasalization) -cumbō (see above S. 590); M.Ir. comm “vessel”; cummal “goblet, bowl”, Welsh cwmm “valley” (m.), Bret. komm “trough” (m.); from urBrit. *kumbos derive O.E. cumb “valley”, Eng. coomb, combe “Talmulde”, whereas is Gaul.-rom.cumba “valley, trough” Fem.; from dem Fr. derives Bret. komb “valley”; compare die unnasal. Gefäßbezeichnungen pam. kubun, Pol. kubek, also Gk. κύβος “τρύβλιον”; O.Ice. aptr-huppr, Nor. dial. hupp and hump “the groin, flank beim Vieh”, Ger. humpeln, M.L.G. humpelen “hinken” and in not particularly auf das Biegen of Körpers gewendeter

    [u]English meaning: Nor. hump m. “bumpiness, knag (N.Ger. Lw.), Eng. hump “ hump, hunchback “, N.Ger. humpe f. “thick piece”, humpel “niedriger hillock”, Dutch homp “thick Stũck bread”; perhaps Ger. (N.Ger.) Humpen (compare κύμβος).

    References: WP. I 370 ff., WH. I 127, 297 f., 298, 305, 306, 310 f., 859, Trautmann 121 f.